青年作家蒋方舟7月5日在其个人社交平台再发文,并称已于7月4日报警。题目为《关于肖鹰教授指控我论文“全面造假”的逐项说明》。全文如下:
如果这样的"打假"可以成立,那么它就不再是学术监督,而是一件人人可用的私刑工具。
任何人对他人心怀不满——无论指向的是本人、家人还是朋友——都可以通过任何非法途径获得他人论文、调动公共舆论、消耗学术资源,在对方多年前的论文里逐句搜寻纰漏,再把格式疏漏冠以"造假"之名公开处刑,反复纠缠,直至要求剥夺学历、让一个人社会性死亡。
学术打假是珍贵的公器。
它的力量来自公正。
把公器用于私怨,损害的不只是我一个人的名誉,而是"学术打假"这四个字本身的信誉——真正的学术不端行为,反而会因为这种打假的泛滥而更容易蒙混过关。
关于肖鹰教授举报内容逐项说明
肖鹰教授所制作的证据表(下图),证明我注释全部造假

我针对各项批评的回应如下
例1
肖鹰教授教授举报内容:无注释抄袭
无注释抄袭:不成立
例2
肖鹰教授举报内容:整段抄袭,造假程度极高
玛丽在《弗兰肯斯坦》的序中写道:
“我想要诉说人的本性所具有的神秘不安,会唤醒人的不寒而栗的恐怖的故事,我要想出会让读者连四周都不敢环视,会让血液凝结,会让心跳加速的故事,如果不能在这些方面成功,就不配叫做鬼故事。”
“I busied myself to think of a story,—a story to rival those which had excited us to this task. One which would speak to the mysterious fears of our nature, and awaken thrilling horror—one to make the reader dread to look round, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart. If I did not accomplish these things, my ghost story would be unworthy of its name.”
“……我想要诉说人的本性所具有的神秘不安,会唤醒人的不寒而栗的恐怖的故事,我要想出会让读者连四周都不敢环视,会让血液凝结,会让心跳加速的故事,如果不能在这些方面成功,就不配叫做鬼故事。”——玛丽·雪莱《弗兰肯斯坦》序,1831年
肖鹰教授举报内容:整段抄袭,造假程度极高
“里面记载的所有的事情都是有关我那该诅咒的来历的,还有那一件件令人作呕的制作细节,以及你对我那丑陋、肮脏的身躯的详细描述,等等。而你自己都在里面写了你是如何惊恐万状的,读了连我都感到恐怖。我边看边觉得恶心。‘我获得生命的那天真是该死的一天啊!‘我忍不住悲愤地呼喊。‘该死的创造者,你为什么要造出我这样一个奇丑无比的怪物,以至于连你都要厌恶地逃离呢?
“Every thing is related in them which bears reference to my accursed origin; the whole detail of that series of disgusting circumstances which produced it is set in view; the minutest description of my odious and loathsome person is given, in language which painted your own horrors, and rendered mine ineffaceable. I sickened as I read. ‘Hateful day when I received life!’ I exclaimed in agony. ‘Cursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust?’”
肖鹰教授举报内容:整段抄袭,造假程度极高。
“我看到跟着死亡的腐败接踵而至的是盛开的生命面颊;我看到蠕虫如何继承了眼睛和大脑的奇迹。我停顿了一下,审视和分析了所有因果关系的细节,例如从生到死,从死到生的变化,直到在这黑暗之中,突然有一道亮光闯进我的脑海,那道亮光如此奇妙,然而又如此简单,以至尽管我被浩瀚无垠的景象弄得头晕目眩,但我还是惊讶地发现,在把研究引向同一门科学的众多天才当中,只有我一个人发现如此惊人的秘密。”
《Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus》原文:
“I saw how the fine form of man was degraded and wasted; I beheld the corruption of death succeed to the blooming cheek of life; I saw how the worm inherited the wonders of the eye and brain. I paused, examining and analysing all the minutiæ of causation, as exemplified in the change from life to death, and death to life, until from the midst of this darkness a sudden light broke in upon me—a light so brilliant and wondrous, yet so simple, that while I became dizzy with the immensity of the prospect which it illustrated, I was surprised that among so many men of genius, who had directed their inquiries towards the same science, that I alone should be reserved to discover so astonishing a secret.”
“我看到跟着死亡的腐败接踵而至的是盛开的生命面颊;我看到蠕虫如何继承了眼睛和大脑的奇迹。我停顿了一下,审视和分析了所有因果关系的细节,例如从生到死,从死到生的变化,直到在这黑暗之中,突然有一道亮光闯进我的脑海,那道亮光如此奇妙,然而又如此简单,以至尽管我被浩瀚无垠的景象弄得头晕目眩,但我还是惊讶地发现,在把研究引向同一门科学的众多天才当中,只有我一个人发现如此惊人的秘密。”
…… yet one of the first results of those sympathies for which the dæmon thirsted would be children, and a race of devils would be propagated upon the earth, who might make the very existence of the species of man a condition precarious and full of terror. Had I a right, for my own benefit, to inflict this curse upon everlasting generations? I had before been moved by the sophisms of the being I had created; I had been struck senseless by his fiendish threats: but now, for the first time, the wickedness of my promise burst upon me; I shuddered to think that future ages might curse me as their pest, whose selfishness had not hesitated to buy its own peace at the price perhaps of the existence of the whole human race.”
“从此,地球会繁衍一支邪恶的种族,这将对人类的生存构成极其恐怖的威胁。我这种只考虑自己的利益,而不顾子孙后代的安危的做法到底对不对呢?……一想到我将遗臭万年,被后世万代的人类斥责咒骂,谴责我为了换取个人的安宁,而不惜牺牲整个人类的生存,我就不寒而栗。”
肖鹰教授举报:虚构编造,造假程度极高
在《弗兰肯斯坦》的题词中,玛丽引用了弥尔顿的《失乐园》中的一句题词:
“造物主啊,造物主啊,我能请求您,从我的凡体泥胎
再给我造人吗,我能恳求您
从黑暗中拯救我吗?”
Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay
To mould me man? Did I solicit thee
From darkness to promote me?—
因多数中译本省去这一题词,作者自行从英文译出,注释误标为"上海译文2007年版"。
一段在原著扉页真实存在两百余年的文字,被指控为"编造"且"造假程度高"
“We were impressed by the sentiment, that our race was run, but that plague would not be our destroyer. The coming time was as a mighty river, down which a charmed boat is driven, whose mortal steersman knows, that the obvious peril is not the one he needs fear, yet that danger is nigh; and who floats awe-struck under beetling precipices, through the dark and turbid waters—seeing in the distance yet stranger and ruder shapes, towards which he is irresistibly impelled. What would become of us?”
个别词语的译法固然可以商榷,但"译得是否精当"属于翻译水平的讨论范畴,与"编造"篡改"是两个性质完全不同的问题。一段结构与意象同原文逐项对应的自译文字,被定性为"编造/篡改",说明指控方混淆了"翻译商榷"与"学术造假"的界限。'
肖鹰教授举报:篡改编造
《Mathilda》原文:
追求者与父亲敌意:
“Among our most assiduous visitors was a young man of rank... my father was restless and uneasy whenever this person visited us... At length these obnoxious visits suddenly ceased altogether, but from that moment I must date the change of my father...”
Mathilda 逼问父亲:
“I demand, and most solemnly I demand if in any way I am the cause of your unhappiness... Am I the cause of your grief?”
父亲回答:
“Yes, you are the sole, the agonizing cause of all I suffer, of all I must suffer untill I die.”
她继续逼问后,父亲失控说出:
“Yes, yes, I hate you! You are my bane, my poison, my disgust! Oh! No... you are my light, my only one, my life.--My daughter, I love you!”
父亲信中解释他为什么敌视那个年轻人:
“But when I saw you become the object of another’s love... then the fiend awoke within me; I dismissed your lover; and from that moment I have known no peace.”
父亲死亡的发现:
“At length we reached the overhanging beach... something stiff and straight lay on it, covered by a sheet... The first words that they uttered confirmed what I before knew.”
His genius was transcendant, and when it rose as a bright star in the east all eyes were turned towards it in admiration. ……He was glorious from his youth. Every one loved him; no shadow of envy or hate cast even from the meanest mind ever fell upon him. …… His heart was simple like a child, unstained by arrogance or vanity.
引文真实、来源完全可查,标注英文原著指向。
整段抄袭——不成立
例10
肖鹰教授举报:错乱编造
1815年3月19日,玛丽在日记中写道:“日复一日,我半夜醒来,不知道自己是梦是醒,感到孩子好像在吮吸自己的乳房,早上却发现自己的孩子已经离开人世了。我把孩子保到炉火旁边,婴儿原本是冰冷的,烤火之后,重新温暖和复活。”
“Dream that my little baby came to life again—that it had only been cold & that we rubbed it by the fire & it lived.”
…… I awoke in the night to give it suck……It was dead then, but we did not findthat out till morning
“我夜里醒来,想给他(婴儿)喂奶……其实那时它已经死了,只是我们直到早晨才发现。
但该段的核心内容——夜半喂奶方觉孩子已死、梦见孩子经炉火取暖而复活——均有玛丽·雪莱本人的书信与日记原文一一对应(见上)。
材料真实、可追溯,错乱编造——不成立
例11
肖鹰教授举报:错乱篡改
肖鹰教授举报:删节抄袭,造假程度极高
“关于那些‘伟大的事业’——促进自由和知识进步的事业——妇女的权益,等等——我不是一个意见领袖。有些人有变革世界的热情,而另一些人并没有什么独特的观点。我的父母和雪莱属于前一类,使我敬佩有加……至于我自己,我最渴望的是我的后代能好好的不糊涂……但是我并不赞同暴力极端的行为,那只会引起手上的反应。虽然很多事情需要极大的改良,但是我决不会按照朋友的意愿那样离经叛道。”
“ 关于那些‘伟大的事业’——促进自由和知识进步的事业——妇女的权益,等等——我不是一个意见领袖。有些人有变革世界的热情,而另一些人并没有什么独特的观点。我的父母和雪莱属于前一类,使我敬佩有加……至于我自己,我最渴望的是我的后代能好好的不糊涂……但是我并不赞同暴力极端的行为,那只会引起手上的反应。虽然很多事情需要极大的改良,但是我决不会按照朋友的意愿那样离经叛道。”
肖鹰教授举报:错乱编造
凯西、露丝、汤米三人的关系,黑尔舍姆寄宿学校,捐赠者与克隆人身份,学校中的艺术教育与创作——这些全部是小说本身的基本设定与核心情节。
肖鹰教授的这一指控表明其并未通读小说文本,仅凭封底介绍即作出"造假"判断。
情节概述准确。
错乱编造——不成立
例14
肖鹰教授举报:错乱篡改
“我们都知道,我们是从垃圾复制而来的……就会找到我们的出处。(全文太长且个别词汇涉及审查风险,故隐去)”
“We all know it. We're modelled from trash. Junkies, prostitutes, winos, tramps. Convicts, maybe, just so long as they aren't psychos. That's what we come from.We all know it, so why don't we say it? A woman like that? Come on. Yeah, right, Tommy. A bit of fun. Let's have a bit of fun pretending. That other woman in there, her friend, the old one in the gallery. Art students, that's what she thought we were. Do you think she'd have talked to us like that if she'd known what we really were? What do you think she'd have said if we'd asked her? Excuse me, but do you think your friend was ever a clone model?' She'd have thrown us out. We know it, so we might as well just say it. If you want to look for possibles, if you want to do it properly, then you look in the gutter. You look in rubbish bins. Look down the toilet, that's where you'll find where we all came from.”
肖鹰教授举报:篡改抄袭,造假程度极高
大约从1750年开始,英国女性就一直稳步进军文学市场。“早在1773年,《评论月刊(Monthly Review)》就注意到,文学这一行当差不多已经被女士们占领了。”
早在1773年,《评论月刊(Monthly Review)》就注意到,文学这一行当差不多已经被女士们占领了。”
标注来源可查准确。
篡改抄袭——不成立
例16
肖鹰教授举报:词语缺失
肖鹰教授举报:逻辑颠倒
情节概括准确清晰。
逻辑颠倒——不成立
例18
肖鹰教授举报:虚假编造,造假程度极高
“那些丑恶的人形和人脸,
曾经给我痛苦的种种
都掠空而过,消失在那扫荡一切的
大风里”
英文原文:
《Spirit of the Earth》原文:
Those ugly human shapes and visages
Of which I spoke as having wrought me pain,
Passed floating thro' the air and fading still
英文原著清晰可查,能逐行对应。
虚假编造——不成立
例19
肖鹰教授举报:虚构造假,造假程度极高
在他的诗《心之灵》中,他写道:
“我从来没有料到,我死前能遇到
如此完美的青春形象
伊米莉亚啊,我爱你……”
“I never thought before my death to see
Youth’s vision thus made perfect. Emily,
I love thee…”(Epipsychidion)
英文原著真实存在。
虚构造假——不成立
例20
肖鹰教授举报:错乱编造
肖鹰教授举报:删节抄袭
“无论在客观上她多么尊崇他的各种才华和成就,但从生物体的意义上来说,她让然感觉到他高高在上的存在已经把她血管中维系生命的血液榨干了……她从父亲那里继承了很强的自我主义,以及神经质的苛刻的良心;从母亲那里继承了细腻的、艺术的敏感和感性。这些不同的成分无法溶化到一起,而是在她心中开展了一场纠结的、耗尽心力的斗争。她越来越纠缠在死亡的念头中,这说明,父亲的一部分仍存活在她身上的意识在增长。只要她在呼吸,他那异类空间的幽灵就持续地包裹住她,根本无法甩掉。于是死亡就成了她最后的解脱,以通过自杀而杀父的过程达到了复活。”
《她们自己的文学》2011
“无论在客观上她多么尊崇他的各种才华和成就,但从生物体的意义上来说,她让然感觉到他高高在上的存在已经把她血管中维系生命的血液榨干了……她从父亲那里继承了很强的自我主义,以及神经质的苛刻的良心;从母亲那里继承了细腻的、艺术的敏感和感性。这些不同的成分无法溶化到一起,而是在她心中开展了一场纠结的、耗尽心力的斗争。她越来越纠缠在死亡的念头中,这说明,父亲的一部分仍存活在她身上的意识在增长。只要她在呼吸,他那异类空间的幽灵就持续地包裹住她,根本无法甩掉。于是死亡就成了她最后的解脱,以通过自杀而杀父的过程达到了复活。”
只注明英文原著,但是未注明二阶引用,引文清晰可查。删节抄袭——不成立
例22
肖鹰教授举报:抄袭造假
但论文正文已明确写出"伍尔夫在一次演讲中""她讲道",清楚交代了内容的归属,不存在将他人思想据为己有的意图;演讲英文原文与论文转述完全对应(见上)。
脚注漏注,但却为对伍尔夫演讲的转述,英文原著可查。
抄袭造假——不成立
例23
针对肖鹰教授长期的攻击侮辱与诽谤,我已经于昨日(7月4日)报警。
责编:肖秀芬
一审:詹娉俏
二审:朱晓华
三审:苏莉
来源:国是直通车微信公号

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